The first submarine communications cables laid beginning in the 1850s carried telegraphy traffic, establishing the first instant telecommunications links between continents, such as the first transatlantic telegraph cable which became operational on 16 August 1858.
A cross section of the shore-end of a modern submarine communications cable
1 – Polyethylene
2 – Mylar tape
3 – Stranded steel wires
4 – Aluminum water barrier
5 – Polycarbonate
6 – Copper or aluminum tube
7 – Petroleum jelly
8 – Optical fibers
Environmental impact :
The main point of interaction of cables with marine life is in the benthic zone of the oceans where the majority of cable lies. Studies in 2003 and 2006 indicated that cables pose minimal impacts on life in these environments. In sampling sediment cores around cables and in areas removed from cables, there were few statistically significant differences in organism diversity or abundance. The main difference was that the cables provided an attachment point for anemones that typically could not grow in soft sediment areas. Data from 1877 to 1955 showed a total of 16 cable faults caused by the entanglement of various whales. Such deadly entanglements have entirely ceased with improved techniques for placement of modern coaxial and fiber-optic cables which have less tendency to self-coil when lying on the seabed.
Cable layer :
A cable layer or cable ship is a deep-sea vessel designed and used to lay underwater cables for telecommunications, electric power transmission, military, or other purposes. Cable ships are distinguished by large cable sheaves for guiding cable over bow or stern or both. Bow sheaves, some very large, were characteristic of all cable ships in the past, but newer ships are tending toward having stern sheaves only, as seen in the photo of CS Cable Innovator at the Port of Astoria on this page. The names of cable ships are often preceded by “C.S.” as in CS Long Lines.
Modern cable ship:
Modern cable ships differ greatly from their predecessors. There are two main types of cable ships: cable repair ships and cable-laying ships. Cable repair ships, like the Japanese Tsugaru Maru, tend to be smaller and more maneuverable; they are capable of laying cable, but their primary job is fixing or repairing broken sections of cable. A cable-laying ship, like Long Lines, is designed to lay new cables. Such ships are bigger than repair ships and less maneuverable; their cable storage drums are also larger and are set in parallel so one drum can feed into another, allowing them to lay cable much faster. These ships are also generally equipped with a linear cable engine (LCE) that helps them lay cable quickly. By locating the manufacturing plant near a harbor, cable can be loaded into the ship’s hold as it is being manufactured.
Submarine cable AC or DC
The majority of these distribution or transmission subsea circuits are AC cables at medium or high voltages of up to 132kV.
3rd submarine cable in Bangladesh :
Cox’s Bazar
The cable will have core landing stations in Singapore, India, Djibouti, Egypt and France. The Bangladesh branch will stretch to the cable landing station in Cox’s Bazar through the Bay of Bengal. On March 27, 2004, the Government of Bangladesh signed an agreement for the construction and maintenance of submarine cables in Dubai. Through this agreement with South-East-Asia-Middle-East-West Europe-4 (SEA-ME-WE-4) consortium of 16 telecom companies from 14 countries, Bangladesh has entered the super highway of information technology. The Bangladesh section is 1,240 km long in this 22,000 km connection line from Marseille, France to Singapore. Bangladesh joins this network at Cox’s Bazar. The government has to bear the cost of laying optical fiber from Dhaka and Chittagong to Cox’s Bazar for a distance of 170 km. On 21 May 2006, Bangladesh joined the information technology giant through the laying of submarine cable.
Bangladesh can join new submarines by 2021. Bangladesh has joined the new C-ME-6 consortium for its third submarine cable.
The entrepreneurs of this consortium have already been informed officially by letter that Bangladesh is staying in this cable. SEA-ME-WE (SEA-ME-WE) is an abbreviation for Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Western Europe.As the cable is laid through this area, each cable is named as such. Such as C-Me-Wee 4, C-Me-Wee 5. The region’s countries in the latest C-ME-5 consortium included Bangladesh, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Djibouti, Egypt, Turkey, Italy, France, Myanmar, Yemen.
These 19 countries are connected to it through 19 landing points. The new CMI-6 consortium will also include countries from Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Western Europe.
Now the bandwidth usage in the country has touched one thousand Gbps. At the end of November 2018, the total number of active internet connections in the country stood at 9.18 million. Out of which 86.2 million are connected through mobile phones.
Although there are only 57 lakh 35 thousand in number, most of the internet bandwidth is used through broadband. Apart from this, there are 61,000 WiMAX connections. tech city
Durgam has been connected to the national grid by laying 33 kV (kilovolt) overhead line from Cox’s Bazar’s Matarbari sub-station through river crossing towers, 5 km double circuit 33 KV submarine cable with fiber optic under Kutubdia channel and commissioning of 33/11 KV substation at Kutubdia Island. Island. 3 days ago.
Shuva Sarker
Jr. Instructor
Telecommunication Technology